体外受精(IVF)是指在体外人工环境中受精. 1977年，在英国剑桥的伯恩大厅，试管婴儿首次成功用于治疗人类不孕症. 迄今为止，全十大赌博平台排行榜已经有成千上万的婴儿通过体外受精治疗出生. 多年来, the procedures to achieve IVF pregnancy have become increasingly simpler, 更安全，更成功.
体外受精(IVF)
The IVF process has several steps:
- 刺激卵巢 to produce several fertilizable oocytes (eggs)
- Retrieval of the oocytes from the ovary
- Fertilization of the oocytes and culture of the embryos in the IVF laboratory
- Placement of the embryos into the uterus for implantation (embryo transfer or ET)
IVF may be useful for the following types of problems:
- 没有输卵管或输卵管疾病，不能通过手术成功治疗
- 子宫内膜异位 that has not responded to surgical or medical treatment
- 男性不育 with low sperm counts or motility, but with enough active sperm to allow fertilization in the laboratory
- Severe male factor infertility in which sperm must be obtained surgically
- Unexplained infertility that has not responded to other treatments
- Genetic diseases that result in miscarriage or abnormal births
In addition to standard IVF procedures – including intracytoplastmic sperm injection, 辅助孵化, and blastocyst culturing – we offer a more unique technique, 称为胚共培养. 在胚胎共培养中, 胚胎生长在病人细胞的“喂养层”中，以促进发育. 这项技术似乎可以改善胚胎发育不良和试管婴儿周期不成功的患者的胚胎生长.
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辅助孵化
辅助孵化, 在将受精卵转移到子宫之前，使用激光使其透明区(外壳)变薄. 这个外壳被认为随着卵母细胞(卵)的老化而变厚变硬。.
高龄妇女, or with an elevated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level on day three, may have decreased chance for embryo implantation. 子宫内膜异位症女性的胚胎和质量差的胚胎也可能有这个问题. 引入辅助孵化技术，提高胚胎的孵化能力, 因此植入, 转让后.
You may be a candidate for 辅助孵化 if you are 38 years of age or older, 基础促卵泡刺激素水平升高, 或者你之前有过一个或多个试管婴儿周期，你的胚胎未能植入, 尽管结果很好.
囊胚培养
囊胚培养是一种培养超过第三天的胚胎的技术. 典型的体外受精是在取卵三天后将胚胎移植到子宫内. On the third day, embryos generally are between six to eight 细胞. 多年来, 培养环境的改善让我们可以多培养两天的胚胎. 在这段额外的培养期间，胚胎继续生长成为“囊胚”."
胚胎发育的自然过程始于卵细胞在输卵管外侧的受精. As the newly formed embryo develops, it moves slowly toward the uterine cavity where it will ultimately implant. This process takes approximately six to seven days. When the embryo reaches the "blastocyst" stage, it is ready to implant.
在某些患者中, blastocyst culturing allows optimal selection of embryos for transfer, resulting in an increased implantation rate per embryo transferred. 然而, 重要的是要明白，这项技术不一定会增加你的怀孕机会. 其主要优点是可以移植较少的胚胎，从而消除多胎妊娠的可能性, while maintaining a high pregnancy rate.
一般来说, 该程序应限于胚胎数量过多的患者-超过五个-在这种情况下，第三天以后进一步选择胚胎将是有利的. 一般来说，37岁以下的患者适合这种培养技术.
对于年轻的患者，高达50%的胚胎将继续生长到囊胚阶段. 然而, 10%的患者由于没有囊胚发育而没有机会进行胚胎移植. 随着患者年龄的增长, 越来越少的胚胎能够在培养中发育到囊胚期.
Embryo co-culturing with endometrial or granulose 细胞
胚胎共培养是一种在胚胎移植到母体子宫之前提高胚胎整体质量的技术. It was initiated in the UCSF IVF Laboratory, but several other IVF programs in the world have used this technique since 1996. 共培养使用人类颗粒或子宫内膜细胞，这些细胞可以分泌营养物质，帮助生长中的胚胎提高它们的存活率.
使用共培养, 我们看到取卵后72小时胚胎质量和相对生长的改善. Eggs fertilize within 18 to 24 hours after egg retrieval.
我们只推荐这种技术给那些以前试管婴儿周期不成功且胚胎质量差的患者, either here at UCSF or with another program. We do not recommend it to patients who have never been through IVF before, or who have had treatment cycles with excellent embryo quality in the past.
An important concept to understand is that your likelihood of achieving pregnancy, 不管你的年龄, depends on the overall quality of your embryos. If you have generally good embryo quality, then you have a higher chance of conceiving from your IVF treatment cycle. 相反，如果你的胚胎质量普遍较差，那么你成功的机会就会减少.
The risks associated with co-culture are unknown at this time. Because it has never been tested extensively, 没有关于使用这些特定细胞共培养的孩子的信息. 因为这个事实, 对于那些显然无法从中获益的患者，我们仍持谨慎态度. 重要的是要了解一些患者可能没有改善胚胎质量, 尽管使用了共培养.
If you and your doctor agree to use co-culture for your IVF treatment cycle, 一旦我们的胚胎学家确认受精，我们将在共培养环境中培养您所有的胚胎. We will continue co-culture until the day of your embryo transfer.
It is possible to freeze co-culture embryos. Co-culture will not affect the ability of your embryos to freeze well. 冷冻共培养胚胎的标准和标准培养胚胎的标准是一样的. If your embryo quality is improved with co-culture, 我们更有可能为你冷冻更多的胚胎.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
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