胆结石

Overview

胆结石 are solid pieces of material that form in the gallbladder, 哪个囊位于肝脏的下表面在胃腔的右上方. The gallbladder aids in digestion by storing bile, which is produced and secreted continuously by the liver. 饭后，胆囊收缩，将储存的胆汁送入肠道. 当食物消化结束后，胆囊放松并继续储存胆汁.

在美国，每年大约有100万新的胆结石病例被诊断出来, and an estimated one in 10 people suffer from the condition, which is particularly common during the mid-life years. 女性比男性更容易患胆结石，而且发病年龄也更小.

胆结石的大小和体积各不相同，从一粒沙子的大小到一颗李子的大小. 胆囊可能形成一个单一的、通常较大的结石或许多较小的结石，甚至数千个. 当胆囊使浓缩的胆汁成分结晶时，就会发生胆结石. 胆汁是一种棕色液体，含有胆汁盐、胆固醇、胆红素和卵磷脂. Risk factors for developing gallstones include obesity, inherited body chemistry, 体重, sluggish gallbladder movement, hormones and possibly diet. 例如, 非常低热量, rapid weight-loss diets and prolonged fasting, have been shown to cause gallstones. Some proteins in bile also can promote or inhibit gallstone development.

Our approach to gallstones

胆结石最常见的治疗方法是手术切除胆囊, known as cholecystectomy. 加州大学旧金山分校胃肠外科十大赌博平台排行榜通常将其作为微创腹腔镜手术进行, 通过几个小切口插入微型仪器和微型摄像机.

UCSF surgeons helped pioneer laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, and they perform many of these procedures each year. Compared with traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery has significant benefits for patients, including a faster recovery, lower risk of infection, and less pain and scarring.

我们也提供从胆管中取出胆结石的非手术方法, either during or after gallbladder removal. 这种选择也可以用来减轻病人的疼痛太弱，不能接受手术.

奖 & 识别

Among the top hospitals in the nation
One of the nation's best in gastroenterology & 胃肠道手术

迹象 & 症状

许多人没有任何症状，被称为“无声胆结石”.通常胆结石是在进行检查以评估其他问题时发现的. 只有当一个人确实出现症状时，才建议进行治疗.

上腹部或右侧剧烈而持续的疼痛是胆结石最常见的症状. 的痛苦, which also may affect the shoulder blades or right shoulder, lasts anywhere from several minutes to hours. In addition, you may experience sweating or vomiting.

In its more advanced and severe stages, gallstones can cause prolonged pain and infection of the gallbladder. Stones that have passed into the bile duct usually result in pain, 发烧和黄疸, which is yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin.

诊断

你的十大赌博平台排行榜会首先询问你的病史，并进行体格检查. In addition, he or she may order the following tests:

Computed tomography (CT) scan. 一种利用计算机提供腹部内部图像的x射线.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This test uses magnetic waves to create an image.
超声波. 这种测试使用高频声波从身体上反射出来，形成图像.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). 在ERCP中，一根柔软的管子从喉咙插入胃和小肠. 通过向胰腺引流管中注射染料，十大赌博平台排行榜可以更清楚地看到该区域.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). EUS involves passing a thin, 被称为内窥镜的柔韧的管子，穿过口腔或肛门，检查上、下胃肠道的内壁和壁以及附近的器官，如胰腺和胆囊. 内窥镜配备了一个小型超声波换能器，该换能器可以产生声波，从而产生可见的消化道图像. When combined with fine needle aspiration, EUS becomes a state-of-the-art, 微创替代探查性手术，从腹部和其他器官中取出组织样本. 它也可用于确定腹痛等症状的原因, to evaluate a growth, to diagnose diseases of the pancreas, 胆管和胆囊，当其他检查结果不确定时，用于确定某些肺部或消化道癌症的程度.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). 通过将细针插入肝脏，将染料注入胆管, blockages can be seen on X-ray.
Bile duct biopsy and fine needle aspiration. 取一小块胆管液体或组织样本，在显微镜下检查.

治疗

胆结石 may be treated with surgery and medications.

手术

If surgery is required, the following procedures may be used:

胆囊切除术. Surgical removal of the gallbladder, a procedure called cholecystectomy, is the most widely used therapy for gallstones, although this procedure is now mostly done laparoscopically. Though in some cases, due to infections or other surgeries, this traditional form of cholecystectomy will be performed. 一般需要住院4 - 5天. 手术后患者通常恢复良好，消化食物没有困难.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 加州大学旧金山分校医疗中心还提供一种微创手术，称为腹腔镜胆囊切除术. During this procedure, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜在腹部做几个切口，通过一个微型摄像机和手术器械. The video picture is viewed in the operating room on a TV screen, 胆囊可以通过操作手术器械切除. 因为腹肌没有被切开，所以术后疼痛较少, 更快的康复, and better cosmetic results. 你通常可以在一天内出院回家，并在几天内恢复正常活动.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). ERCP可用于发现胆管结石，如诊断部分所述. When stones are detected, 十大赌博平台排行榜可以拓宽胆管开口，将结石拉入肠道. 这通常是在腹腔镜下切除胆囊或胆囊手术后很久在胆管中发现结石时进行的. If a patient is too frail to undergo gallbladder surgery, it also may be performed to relieve 症状 from a bile duct stone, even when other stones are present in the gallbladder.

药物

特殊的化学物质, available in pill form, can be used to dissolve certain gallstones, such as those composed of cholesterol. 然而, due to a lack of medical research, the efficacy of these medications has not been proven yet.

加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.