帕金森症 疾病

迹象 & 症状

帕金森氏症通常进展缓慢，有时需要数年才能出现症状. 这种疾病通常发生在50岁以上的成年人身上，尽管早在20岁就被诊断出来. 大约15%的帕金森氏症患者有家族病史.

因为它是逐渐发展起来的，所以大多数人都有很多年的生产性生活 after being diagnosed.

帕金森氏症的一些常见症状包括:

• 刚性 Arms and legs become stiff and hard to move
• 震动 Rapid shaking of the hands, arms or legs
• 放慢动作 开始或完成动作困难，称为运动迟缓
• 受损的平衡 不平衡:缺乏平衡或难以适应突然的位置变化

These 症状 may make it difficult for you to walk, pick up and hold things, 吃, 写, or react quickly to prevent injury if you fall.

Other 症状 include difficulty speaking or swallowing, 流口水, 弯腰的姿势, inability to make facial expressions, 油性皮肤, cramped handwriting, shortness of br吃h, 便秘, 增加出汗, erectile dysfunction, difficulty sleeping, problems urinating and anxiety.

诊断

这种疾病的诊断通常包括对症状的评估和一系列的检查. There is no single test to clearly identify the disease.

Tests administered may include:

• Blood or urine tests
• An electrocardiogram (ECG)
• x射线
• Other imaging tests, such as a positron emission tomography (PET) scan 或者一个 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

The imaging tests are generally quick and painless. 他们使用诊断相机和记录设备来产生你体内器官和组织的图像.

If you've been diagnosed with 帕金森症 already, 这些检查可以帮助确定你是患有经典形式还是非典型形式的疾病.

If you doctor suspects you have 帕金森症 disease, 他或她可能会开一些抗帕金森的药物，看看你是否有反应.

治疗

药物治疗可以显著缓解帕金森症的症状, but no drug can stop the progression of the disease. In some cases, surgery is an option. Some doctors recommend 物理治疗 or muscle strengthening. For many patients, a combination of these approaches works best.

药物治疗

左旋多巴, combined with another drug called carbidopa or Sinemet, is the mainstay of 帕金森症 therapy. 左旋多巴通过多巴脱羧酶(DDC)迅速转化为多巴胺。, which is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Much of levodopa is metabolized before it reaches the brain.

因为已知这些药物会产生副作用，并且在长时间使用后可能会失效, 其他药物, such as dopamine agonists, 金刚烷胺, COMT抑制剂和抗胆碱能药物也用于治疗帕金森病.

手术

When medication is ineffective, 手术可能是控制症状和改善生活质量的一种选择. However, not everyone is a good candidate for surgery. 例如, 如果患者对左旋多巴和卡比多巴没有反应或不再有反应, surgery is unlikely to help. 只有大约10%的帕金森患者适合做手术.

治疗帕金森氏症的手术方法有三种:消融手术或破坏性手术, stimulation surgery or deep brain stimulation (DBS), and transplantation or restorative surgery.

• 烧蚀手术 This procedure locates, 然后消融或摧毁大脑中受帕金森病影响的目标区域. 其目的是破坏产生异常化学或电脉冲的组织，这些异常化学或电脉冲会导致震颤和其他帕金森症状. A lesion of the globus pallidus, 叫pallidotomy, is the most common ablative surgery for 帕金森症 disease.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Like ablative surgery, deep brain stimulation surgery 治疗与帕金森氏症相关的震颤和行动迟缓. 这个过程包括在大脑的特定区域插入一个深部脑刺激器. 而不是摧毁导致帕金森症状的过度活跃的细胞, DBS temporarily disables them by sending pulses of electricity. 这种疗法已被证明比其他疗法更能缓解症状，而且副作用更少.
• 移植 In transplantation or restorative surgery, 产生多巴胺的细胞被植入大脑的特定部位. 用于移植的细胞可能来自几种来源之一——病人的身体, human embryos or pig embryos. 目前正在研究将干细胞用于这一过程.

Complementary 治疗

补充或综合护理结合了最好的替代疗法，如针灸, 按摩, 冥想, herbs and nutrition — and conventional medicine. A number of tr吃ments such as simply physical activity, 物理治疗, 按摩和支持团体可以帮助缓解症状，提高生活质量. 与你的十大赌博平台排行榜讨论他或她推荐的治疗你症状的可能方法.