阴道癌|十大赌博靠谱网络平台| UCSF健康-十大赌博平台排行榜

Overview

Vaginal cancer is a rare disease and makes up less than 3 percent of all 妇科癌症. There are four different types of vaginal cancer, including:

鳞状细胞癌. The most common type, which usually occurs in the upper part of the vagina. It typically affects women between the ages of 50 and 70.
Adenocarcinoma. 第二种最常见的类型. It usually affects women between the ages of 12 and 30, although it occasionally occurs in women of all age groups.
恶性黑色素瘤肉瘤. 这种病非常罕见.

It is important to know that even if you have had a hysterectomy, 你仍然有可能患上阴道癌.

Risk factors

As with many cancers, the exact cause of vaginal cancer is not known for sure. However, some factors may increase a woman's risk for the disease, including:

Smoking
年龄——50岁以上的女性最常患阴道鳞状细胞癌
History of 子宫颈癌
切除了子宫的
History of genital warts caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV)
骨盆部位接受过放射治疗

In addition, 研究表明，母亲服用一种名为己烯雌酚(DES)的药物的年轻女性患这种疾病的风险更高. 1945年至1970年间，孕妇服用了药物DES以防止流产.

我们治疗阴道癌的方法

UCSF提供创新, compassionate care in a supportive environment to patients with vaginal cancer. 我们的团队包括妇科肿瘤学家, 妇科肿瘤外科十大赌博平台排行榜, radiation oncologists and nurses with special training in reproductive cancers. 我们还与整形外科十大赌博平台排行榜合作，为那些癌组织切除后需要进行重建手术的病人提供服务.

We believe that education is a powerful part of the healing process. 我们的团队与每位患者一起工作，帮助她了解自己的病情和所有的治疗方案, so we can decide together on the best course of action.

Awards & recognition

是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
北加州最好的，排名第一. 全国癌症治疗排名第七
指定综合癌症中心

Signs & symptoms

在某些情况下，阴道癌可能不会引起任何症状，并通过异常检测 Pap smear. However, some common symptoms of the condition include:

Bleeding or discharge not related to menstrual periods
排尿困难或疼痛
性交时疼痛或骨盆疼痛

Diagnosis

如果你有任何阴道癌的症状或其他与阴道有关的问题, you should visit a doctor immediately for a definite diagnosis.

Your doctor will begin by asking about any symptoms you may be experiencing, as well as reviewing your medical history and conducting a thorough physical exam. To determine the cause of your symptoms, the following tests may be performed:

Pelvic exam. 这个检查包括摸子宫, vagina, ovaries, 输卵管, bladder and rectum to find any abnormality in their shape or size.
Pap smear. As part of the pelvic exam, your doctor may conduct a Pap smear. 他或她会用小刮刀和刷子轻轻地刮宫颈和阴道的外部，以便捡起细胞, which then can be analyzed for any abnormalities. 可能会感到一些压力，但通常不会感到疼痛.
Coloscopy. 如果在子宫颈抹片检查中发现任何异常细胞，你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做结肠镜检查. 在这次考试中, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会用阴道镜, 哪一个是小显微镜, 更详细地看你的阴道. 这是一种门诊手术，大约需要10到15分钟，通常不会感到疼痛, 虽然可能会有点不舒服.
Biopsy. 如果在你的子宫颈抹片检查中发现任何异常细胞，你的十大赌博平台排行榜将需要进行一个 biopsy. 在这个过程中, 从阴道中取出一小块组织样本，然后在显微镜下检查是否有癌细胞.
计算机断层扫描(CT). This imaging test takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are created by a computer, which is linked to an X-ray machine. 一种特殊的染料可以注射到静脉或吞咽，以帮助器官或组织更清楚地显示出来.
磁共振成像(MRI). 这是无痛的, 使用强力磁铁和无线电波构建人体图像的非侵入性手术. 任何成像平面或“切片”都可以投影、存储在计算机中或打印在胶片上. MRI can easily be performed through clothing and bones.

Treatments

阴道癌的治疗通常包括手术、放射治疗和可能的化疗. 通过手术，一些患者可能需要皮肤移植和整形手术来制造人工阴道. Some patients may need more than one type of treatment in combination.

在UCSF医疗中心, 一个由癌症专家和整形外科十大赌博平台排行榜组成的团队共同为您的病情设计最有效的治疗方案.

Surgery

Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of vaginal cancer. A doctor may remove the cancer using one of the following:

Laser surgery. A narrow beam of light is used to kill cancer cells. 它可以用于癌症局限于发病部位的早期阶段, 这也被称为原位癌.
局部广泛切除. A type of surgery that removes the cancer and some of the tissue around it. A patient may need to have skin taken from another part of the body, or grafted, to repair the vagina after the cancer has been removed.
Vaginectomy. In some cases, an operation in which the vagina is removed may be recommended. 当癌细胞扩散到阴道外时, vaginectomy may be combined with surgery to take out the uterus, 卵巢和输卵管. 这叫做自由基 hysterectomy. During these operations, lymph nodes in the pelvis also may be removed.
Exenteration. If the cancer has spread outside the vagina and the other female organs, 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会切除下结肠, 直肠或膀胱——取决于癌症扩散的部位——以及子宫颈, 子宫和阴道.

放射治疗

放射疗法使用x射线或其他高能射线杀死癌细胞并缩小肿瘤. 放射可能来自体外的机器，称为外束放射治疗. 另一种形式的放射治疗, 称为内辐射, works by placing materials that produce radiation, 被称为放射性同位素, through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found.

Radiation may be used alone, in combination with chemotherapy, or after surgery.